Finding specific things
Every app you ever installed left an installer behind. They are among the easiest gigabytes to reclaim, and among the most commonly forgotten.
find ~ \( -name "*.dmg" -o -name "*.pkg" -o -name "*.iso" \) -type f 2>/dev/null -exec du -sh {} \; | sort -hr | head -30
find ~ \( -name "*.dmg" -o -name "*.pkg" \) -type f -mtime +180 2>/dev/null
Anything you downloaded six months ago and have not touched is almost certainly installed already, or abandoned.
A .dmg is a disk image containing the app — once the app is in /Applications, the image is redundant. A .pkg is an installer script; the same applies. Both can be downloaded again from the vendor.
The exceptions worth keeping: installers for apps no longer sold, licensed versions you cannot re-download, and anything where the vendor has since gone out of business.
An old .dmg can still be mounted and quietly holding a volume open:
hdiutil info | grep "image-path"
Eject anything you no longer need before deleting the file.
The reason these accumulate is that nothing surfaces them. A saved search for ext:dmg | ext:pkg — or the same idea as a Finder Smart Folder — turns an annual cleanup into a glance.
Yes. The app in /Applications is a complete copy; the disk image is only the delivery mechanism.
A .dmg is a mountable disk image you drag from. A .pkg runs an installer that places files itself.
Everywhere keeps track of every file on your Mac — including the folders Spotlight hides and drives you have unplugged. Free for a day, then $19 once.
Download for Mac